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The famous Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel was born in Stockholm in 1833 in the bosom of a family dedicated to mining exploitation. At that time, the only way to open new mines was the nitroglycerin but is was very dangerous and there was too much risk involved, in fact, Alfred's brother died in an industrial accident . Knowing the risks of nitroglycerine, Alfred tried out new uses of explosives and in 1863 he invented dynamite to do his work safer and easier. Unfortunately, this new explosive was used for military purposes and he was nicknamed “Merchant of the death”. As regreted his invention, Alfred decided to make his last will and establish the Nobel Prizes to be awarded annually to the person whose work had been of the greatest to benefit for mankind
At first there were 5 categories: Peace, Physics , Literature, Chemistry and Medicine, but in 1969 a new Nobel Prize in Economic Science was established. Only once during these years has a prize been added – a Memorial Prize – The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel, donated by Sweden's central bank to celebrate its tercentenary in 1968. The Board of Directors later decided to keep the original five prizes intact and not to permit new additions.
The Committees Nobel:There are Five Nobel Committees which belong to the organisms which offer the prizes. Each of these Committees is composed of five members, and each Committee can request advice from other experts. The organ administrative is the Foundation Nobel of Stockholm. Its main object is to administer Alfred Nobel's money . .
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C.J.Cela
Severo Ochoa
Ramon y Cajal
V.Aleixandre
Benavente
J.Echegaray
J.R.Jimenez
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